One crucial component of an aquaponics system is the fish tank. It's not just a container for fish; it's the heart of the entire operation. The choice of your fish tank can significantly impact the success of your system and the health of your fish and plants. The right fish tank offers the proper environment for your fish and ensures the effectiveness of nutrient cycling within the ecosystem.
Selecting the right aquaponics fish tank is more than just picking a container to house your fish; it's about creating a stable and thriving ecosystem. A well-suited fish tank will help maintain water quality, support fish health, and facilitate plant growth. At the same time, a poorly chosen tank can lead to water quality issues, stressed fish, and sluggish plant growth. In short, the choice of your fish tank can make or break your aquaponics venture.
In this article, we will walk you through the essential factors to consider when selecting a fish tank for your aquaponics system. We'll delve into the size, material, and shape of the tank, as each of these factors plays a vital role in the success of your setup.
The Role of the Fish Tank in Aquaponics Systems
Understanding the critical role of your aquaponics tank in your aquaponics system is the first step in appreciating why selecting the right tank is so vital. The size, material, and design of the tank directly affect the health of your fish and the success of your plant growth, making it a decision that should be made with care and consideration.
Nutrient Source: The fish tank is where the nutrient cycle begins. Fish excrete waste, which contains ammonia and other compounds. These waste products serve as the primary nutrient source for the plants. Therefore, the size, health, and number of fish you can maintain depends on the capacity and quality of your fish tank.
Water Quality Control: The fish tank's water quality is important. It must be maintained within specific parameters to ensure the well-being of the fish. The fish tank's design, filtration, and water volume directly influence the entire system's stability.
Ecosystem Anchor: The fish tank anchors the aquaponics ecosystem. It is where the fish thrive, and their presence is not just for food production but also to maintain the balance of nutrients. If the fish tank is compromised in any way, it can disrupt the delicate harmony of the entire system.
Factors to Consider When Choosing An Aquaponics Fish Tank
1.
Size of the Fish Tank
The size of your aquaponic tank directly influences the amount of nutrients available to your plants. A larger tank can support more fish, leading to increased nutrient production. This can result in faster and more abundant plant growth. On the other hand, a smaller tank may limit nutrient availability, potentially slowing down plant growth. Consider the size of your grow bed and the types of plants you wish to cultivate when determining the appropriate tank size.
The size of your fish tank also dictates how many fish you can raise comfortably. Overcrowding can lead to stressed fish, poor water quality, and reduced growth rates. Adequate space ensures that fish have room to swim, grow, and thrive. Research the specific fish species you plan to raise to determine their space requirements and stocking densities.
2. Shape and Design
Space Considerations: The shape and dimensions of your fish tank should fit within the available space for your aquaponics system. Consider the layout of your grow bed, filtration equipment, and the overall footprint of your system. Rectangular or square tanks are often more space-efficient than round ones.
Design: Your fish tank's design can also impact your aquaponics system's aesthetics. Some aquaponics enthusiasts prefer tanks with clean lines and minimalistic designs, while others may opt for more ornate or custom-designed tanks that add to the visual appeal of their setup. Balance aesthetics with practicality to create a system that pleases both the eye and the plants.
3. Material of The Fish Tank
Fish tanks come in various materials, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Here's a brief overview:
Glass: Glass tanks are durable and provide excellent clarity, allowing you to observe your fish easily. However, they are relatively heavy and can be prone to cracking or shattering if mishandled.
Acrylic: Acrylic tanks are lightweight and less prone to breakage than glass. They also offer good clarity but may scratch more easily. Be cautious with cleaning to avoid damaging the surface.
Plastic: Plastic tanks are lightweight and often more affordable. They are less fragile than glass or acrylic but may not provide the same optical clarity. Ensure that the plastic used is safe for aquatic life.
Fiberglass: Fiberglass tanks are durable and resistant to corrosion. They are commonly used for larger commercial aquaponics systems. However, they can be costly and may require professional installation.
Wood or Custom: Some aquaponics enthusiasts opt for custom-built wooden tanks. While these can be aesthetically pleasing, they are less common and require careful sealing to prevent water damage.
4. Durability
Your fish tank should be built to withstand the test of time. Consider the quality and thickness of the tank's materials and its resistance to corrosion and wear. A durable tank will serve you well for many years, reducing the need for replacements.
5. Ease of Cleaning and Maintenance
Regular maintenance is crucial for a healthy aquaponics system. Evaluate how easy it is to access and clean the tank. Look for tanks with features like drain valves, access hatches, and removable lids to simplify cleaning and maintenance tasks. Additionally, consider the ease of repairing or replacing components should the need arise.
Types of Fish Tanks for Aquaponics
The most common types of fish tanks used in aquaponics are the following:
1. Glass Tanks
Glass tanks are popular for small-scale or indoor aquaponic systems. They are transparent, allowing you to quickly monitor the fish and plants, and they don't scratch easily. The downside of glass fish tanks is they are fragile and can break if mishandled.
2. Plastic Tanks
Plastic tanks are a cost-effective and durable option for aquaponic systems. Plastic fish tanks are lightweight, easy to clean, and resistant to scratches and cracks. However, they may not be as clear as glass tanks and may discolor over time due to sunlight exposure.
3. Rubbermaid Stock Tanks
Rubbermaid stock tanks are made of heavy-duty plastic and are designed for livestock watering. Rubbermaid fish tanks are sturdy, durable, and can hold a large volume of water, making them an excellent choice for larger aquaponic systems. However, they are not transparent, making monitoring the fish and plants challenging.
4. IBC (Intermediate Bulk Container) Totes
IBC totes are large, industrial-grade plastic containers commonly used for storing and transporting liquids. They are sturdy, durable, and can hold water. They are usually available at a lower cost than other types of fish tanks. However, like rubbermaid stock tanks, they are not transparent and can be difficult to clean.
Fish Tank Location and Placement
A.
Where to Place Your Fish Tank
1. Indoor vs. Outdoor Setups:
Indoor Setup: Placing your aquaponic tank indoors offers several advantages, including protection from extreme weather conditions and pests. It also allows for better climate control, making it easier to maintain stable water temperatures. However, indoor setups may require supplemental lighting for plant growth, and space constraints can limit the size of your system.
Outdoor Setup: Outdoor aquaponics systems benefit from natural sunlight, reducing the need for artificial lighting. They also offer the potential for larger systems due to the abundance of space. However, outdoor setups are susceptible to temperature fluctuations, pests, and the need for protection from harsh weather conditions, such as extreme heat or cold. Choose the location wisely to maximize sunlight exposure and minimize potential risks.
2.
Sunlight and Temperature Considerations:
Sunlight: If you opt for an outdoor setup, choose a location that receives adequate sunlight throughout the day. Consider the orientation and shading to prevent excessive heat buildup in the summer. Additionally, be mindful of seasonal changes in sunlight angles and adjust your setup as needed.
Temperature: Both indoor and outdoor systems require attention to temperature control. You can use heaters and fans to maintain the desired temperature range indoors. In outdoor setups, consider insulation for colder climates or shade structures for hotter climates. Greenhouse enclosures can provide a controlled environment for outdoor systems.
B.
Structural Support and Stability
Structural Support: Your fish tank must be placed on a stable and level surface. The weight of water and equipment can be heavy, so ensure that the chosen location can support this load. Consider using concrete slabs, reinforced flooring, or sturdy outdoor foundations to provide adequate support.
Stability: Stability is crucial to prevent accidents and system failures. Check that the platform or surface is level in all directions to avoid tilting or stress on the tank. If your system is indoors, assess the floor's load-bearing capacity to avoid structural damage.
Access and Maintenance: Position your fish tank for easy access. You'll need to reach the tank for feeding, monitoring, and maintenance tasks. Ensure you have enough space around the tank to work comfortably without restrictions.
Proximity to Utilities: Consider the proximity to water and electrical sources. You'll need access to water for topping up the system and for potential emergency situations. If necessary, electrical outlets will be required for water pumps, aeration systems, and lighting.
Protection from Extreme Conditions: Plan for protection against extreme weather conditions in outdoor setups. Consider adding shade structures, windbreaks, or insulation to shield your system from excessive heat, cold, wind, or heavy rainfall.
Consider Aesthetics: While functionality is a priority, also consider the aesthetics of your setup. An attractive and well-designed aquaponics system can enhance the visual appeal of your indoor or outdoor space.
Fish Tank Maintenance and Cleaning
Regular maintenance and cleaning are essential for the success of your aquaponic system. Here are some considerations to keep in mind when maintaining and cleaning your fish tank:
The importance of regular maintenance: Regular maintenance is essential because it helps ensure that your fish and plants are healthy and thriving. This includes feeding your fish regularly, monitoring water temperature and quality, checking equipment for signs of wear or damage, and replacing or repairing equipment as needed.
Cleaning the tank and equipment: Regular cleaning is necessary to maintain water quality in your fish tank. This includes removing any accumulated debris or waste, scrubbing the walls and bottom of the tank, and cleaning equipment, such as filters, pumps, and aeration systems.
Water quality testing and monitoring: Testing the water quality regularly is essential to ensure that your fish and plants are healthy. Monitoring includes making sure that ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH levels are within their ideal range. There are several test kits available that can help you monitor water quality and make necessary adjustments.
Fish Tank Cover and Shading
Fish do not need much light. That is why it is essential to have a cover on your fish tanks. The covers will also prevent fish from jumping out of the tank and prevent leaves or other materials from entering. The cover will also prevent predators such as cats and birds from attacking the fish. A fishing net will make a great cover, while agricultural shading nets work well in shading your fish tank. Shading your fish tank will prevent algal growth.
Over-cleaning can also be harmful to your aquaponic system. So clean your system when needed and avoid using harsh chemicals or cleaning agents that can harm the fish or plants. Also, avoid disturbing the biological balance of the system by cleaning or replacing equipment too frequently.
Conclusion
Choosing the right fish tank is not merely a matter of housing your fish; it's a decision that influences the success of your aquaponics system. A well-suited fish tank contributes to water quality, supports fish health, promotes plant growth, and ensures the overall harmony of your ecosystem. So invest in the right fish tank for your aquaponics system and regularly monitor and maintain your system to create a thriving and sustainable environment for your fish and plants.
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We all know what the tanks look like in a store, but most aquarists don’t know what everything else in the industry is like. I hope this article helps shed some light on this otherwise unknown world that our fish are very familiar with.
Fish Farms
Most freshwater fish start out on tropical fish farms. Most fish farms are in Florida or Asia. These are areas that are warm enough to house tropical fish outdoors. They may be housed in giant tubs the size of swimming pools, smaller tubs that are hundreds of gallons, or large earthen ponds dug in to the ground. Feeding and water changes will vary from farm to farm. Some get a good amount of natural food (outdoor earthen ponds), others will use generic flakes and pellets, prepared seafood mixes (grind up fish fillets, add a vitamin mix, etc.).
Most fish that enter the hobby are quite young, as little as a few months old. They only need to grow large enough to sell in a store. This generally means colored and large enough to identify as well as large enough to live in normal tanks.
Keep in mind, all the fish are raised on the same farms. Maybe some farms alter some water, but overall they are all in the same water. The same temperature, the same pH, the same everything. This goes for tetras, African cichlids, goldfish, everything. Most goldfish haven’t been kept as cool as room temp until they are in your tank. They were raised in the tropics, held in warm warehouses, held in your retailer, and then put in your tank at room temp.
Wild Caught Fish
Obviously there are still a good amount of fish that are wild caught. These vary a lot more than farms, but a good picture of how this works goes as follows: Local people around the area (South America, Africa, Asia, etc.) make a living collecting the fish. They catch them and bring them to holding sites. These holding sites may be a low end warehouse, an outdoor area of tubs and vats, etc. They are then packed, transported to an airport, and flown to an importer.
Almost all saltwater fish will follow this path. They are caught by locals, held for (usually and hopefully) very short periods of time, packed, and shipped to an importer in the U.S.
Wild caught fish are almost guaranteed to bring in pathogens, especially parasites. Most live with internal parasites, which is normal and they are okay with it as long as they aren’t too stressed and eat well. It is when they are stressed that the parasites aren’t kept in check that they become damaging to their hosts. This is one reason why getting them to eat quickly is so important. The sooner they start eating well the less stressed they will be and the better they will settle in.
Importers
Most fish raised in Asia or wild caught will go to an importer facility before getting to a regular wholesaler. Most are in Los Angeles or Miami. These are large facilities with tons and tons of tanks for housing all sorts of fish at the same time.
Feeding is usually pretty light at this point. Most fish don’t want to eat after such a journey. You also don’t want to overload the system with a massive load of fish and then feed the heck out of them at the same time. You also don’t want to fill them up just to have them release massive amounts of waste the next day when they are being shipped again.
The tanks are usually at room temp which is kept warm enough to keep the tanks warm (not fun to work in). This is the same for the wholesalers and even some stores.
Many importers also serve as wholesalers. Most sell to wholesalers and will sell directly to local stores as well (although they may have a much higher minimum order than a wholesaler).
Wholesalers
Wholesalers are who the local stores and big chain stores buy their fish from directly. These are usually in small warehouses or industrial sites with lots of tanks. Some use central filtration (usually multiple systems) while others use individual filters (usually air powered such as filter boxes or sponge filters). They use air powered filters because they are easy and super cheap to maintain, and you can run the entire place on one or a few large air blowers. Again, feeding is usually relatively light. Water changes will vary from one wholesaler to the next. They are likely to do a lot because the bioloads per tank can be excessively high.
Tanks at wholesalers will be densely stocked. This may mean a whole box of neon tetras in a 40breeder or 29. A box can be hundreds of fish. This is extreme, but it is very short term, they are barely fed, and water changes are massive.
The tanks will be anything from 10-55 gallons or even large tubs. The wholesaler I went to has mostly 40breeders and 29s, with a good assortment of other sizes. So they could handle anything from some cherry shrimp to 2′ kois, pacus, or catfish.
Fish Stores
The final step before going home to your tank is the fish store. We all know care in fish stores varies widely. Some do great water changes, others don’t. Some feed the best foods on the market, some feed whatever they can get the cheapest per pound or for free for carrying a certain brand in their store.
Our store had central filtration systems. This meant the whole system was very stable and could handle the big swings in bioload as fish are sold and new shipments come in. This is much more stable than running tanks individually. The water would drain from the tanks in to a sump, and was then pumped into a pond bead filter, through a UV sterilizer, and then to the tanks. The water couldn’t get from one tank to another without going through the UV (although there was probably too much flow to actually kill all the pathogens). Our systems ran very well and the fish thrived.
We fed New Life Spectrum to all the freshwater fish. The saltwater fish got it too, but we had them mainly on frozen foods because they were all so new (probably in the ocean days to a week before they got to the store).
Water changes were at least weekly. I would do about 50-80% water changes on all the systems.
We algae wiped daily so the tanks looked good for customers, but we used bristlenose plecoes in almost all the tanks to do most of the work.
Losses were very minimal. I have worked at other stores that pulled 10-30 or more fish per day (sometimes multiple times per day). We would pull 0-5, maybe 10 right after a big shipment.
When we received new fish we would turn off the lights, float the bags, open them up to add water, pour the bags through a net and add the fish. We would keep the lights off for the rest of the day (or at least a few hours if we could before we actually opened), and feed. Feeding right away meant the fish knew they would be fed well and would distract the other fish from bothering new additions.
Shipping
Shipping from one step to the next is almost always done overnight air freight. The fish are packed in pure oxygen so they can actually go 2 or more days without real issues (such as when they airline ‘misplaces’ the boxes, puts them on a truck to a different state, flights get delayed, etc.). How long they spend at each step can vary. Once they leave the farms it can be as little as a half day to a week at each step. When I used to go and hand pick fish at the wholesaler we went on Tuesdays because that is when their shipments came in. If you waited even just a day or two the selection was horrible. The fish had usually just arrived that day or the day before, probably not fed yet, and we had to pick the best.
Bad Batches
For no good reason bad batches happen. This may be a batch of neon tetras that for no apparent reason just all die off shortly after arrival in the store. Maybe it is the next day, maybe it is over the next week, but it happens. The best explanation is that for some reason that bag of fish was stressed and that caused them to go down. Maybe they were packed too densely in a bag during one of their shipments. Maybe the water they were put in was too cold or too warm. Whatever the reason, you can get a bad batch. This is outside of the store’s control and occurs at the best store, wholesalers, and importers. It can be minimized, but it happens. The usual batch of fish will lose no fish, or maybe one or two at the most. So the batch where all the fish of one type go down is obvious and stands out as an exception. In our store we would happily stand behind our fish. We knew which ones had issues and which didn’t. If we had a bad batch of a certain fish and a week or more later a customer said they bought one and died, we replaced it with no hassle (even well beyond our usual guarantee).
Summary
Keep in mind that the fish that make it to your tank lived through all this. They have gone through a lot and survived. Some fare better than others, but they made it. So if fish die shortly after coming in to your care it usually means one of two things: either the stress of this long journey caught up with them, or their is something wrong with your tank.